The Different Uses Of Local Rice

To some persons, local rice is like a different specie of food from foreign rice because of the poor processing of it. For this reason, Many have criticised the poor precessing of the indigenous rice. This is because of the presence of pebbles that is always felt by the teeth of the consumers each time one is eating it. Apart from the presence of tiny sands and stones in the rice, there is a poor winnowing of the chaffs. The poor separation of the rice from some particles is another discouragement to some person's patronage on the product. In Nigeria, the indigenous rice has different names depending on the area. In the north it is called Gwari rice. Others have Nick named the rice to be 'Oh god'. The reason behind the nomenclature, 'oh god' emanated from regular exclamation of the term, 'oh God' each time teeth of a person that is eating the rice breaks some tiny stones. The reason for the presence of tiny stones in the rice is as a result of inadiqute separation techniques on the path of the farmers or processors. According to research, local rice is the most ever known nutritious rice. Over the years, farmers has appealed to the federal government to provide a good processing facilities that could help them in processing rice and other produce that is beyond their man power. All this fell to the deaf ears of the government. Inspite of the lack of processing facilities, many have come to be use to the local product as it is said to be more natural and nutritious.

Different uses of local rice

There are different uses of local rice and they are as follows:

1. Direct consumption

Local Rice can be prepared and taken like every other rice. The difference between local and foreign rice is that, local rice have more taste than foreign rice.

2. Used for making Tuwo Shinkafa

Tuwo shinkafa is a kind of fufu made from rice. It is commonly produced and consumed in the Northern part of nigeria. It can be taken with all forms of soups. It is said to be the best food among the housa dominated North. The fufu is used for family consumptions and also for ceremonies. In northan traditional weddings, especially the Fulanis, the fufu is prepared with delicious soups for visitors during a wedding ceremonies. The uses of tuwo shinkafa is much among the fulanis and other ethnic groups in the north. It is thus used during naming ceremonies, family meetings etc.

3.For making groundnut gruel.

Groundnut gruel popularly known as 'Kunu jeda' is made up of mixture of the local rice and groundnut. The gruel can be taken with beans cake and other foods. This gruel is a special gruel that is highly valued in the north. It can be prepared for family uses and also during marriage ceremonies. The gruel is said to be very reach in nutrition. For this Reason, some family prepares it with other foods.

4 Weina

Weina is a food produced from either corn or local rice. It could also be a mixture of the both. Weina can be prepared with the paste of the local rice. A frying device with little or no oil is used to fry the paste. After the paste is fried, stew is mixed with it before it is taken. Some takes it without stew while some do not. While preparing this food, some adds sugar while some don't. The ones prepared with sugar is usually taken without stew. Weina is used as major guest foods in some wedding in parts of nothern Nigeria .

5. Used as sweetner.

Local Rice can be fermented and used as sweetener in other local drinks. It can be used in local breweries and also in gruels. In processing local rice as a sweetener, the rice must not be removed from the chaffs. The raw rice with its chaffs is soaked in water for about 12 to 24 hours. After that, it is removed from the water and placed in a basket.after removing from water, it is Covered with papers or leaves. Less than a week, the rice will sprout. At the point of the sprout, it is used as a sweetener by grinding it with other grains that is to be used in making the drinks.

Please share your comments with us bellow.

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How To Be Financially Successful From Hoarding Agricultural Products.

Hoarding is a business strategy that has to do with buying and hiding of a product in anticipation of rise in price of such product. Such products are re-sold when the price of such commodity rises. Many business men has made millions of cash from hoarding. Ability to understand the trend of a business is the key attribute needed to be successful in hoarding and re-selling of a product. While Some goods are non perishable, others are highly perishable. Thus, Hoarders must have a good knowledge of preserving the goods in question.

Our major focus in this discussion is on how to hoard and preserve agricultural products. The knowledge of the harvesting period of agricultural products is another key to success in this discussion.

Did you know you can make millions in a year from hoarding foods? Yes, you can! Some of the foods you can easily hoard and re-resell for big prices include:

1. Maize.

Maize is produced in large quantity in the north. Easy to preserve with insecticides or dry peppers. First, let's understand the period when the product is cheap during the year. Many agricultural products are cheap during harvest time. Inquire when farmers are harvesting a crop before venting into hoarding such crop. For maize, the period when you can get it cheap in the north ranges from August to December. It is said to be very cheap during that period in the northern part of Nigeria while the price goes up from February to another harvesting period. This is to tell you that in few months you stand a chance of making millions from buying and keeping maize in a safe store for just few months.

2. Yam

Yam can be very cheap during harvest in yam producing states. The price of yam depends on the specie and the size. During harvest, a tuber of yam could go for just 200 naira or bellow depending on the size and area. You can sell this same size for about 500 to 800 naira when harvest is over, especially the period of planting to a new harvest period. Considering this analysis, making at least 300 naira gain per tuber you hoarded is going to be a mouth watering business. Let's say you hoard just a thousand (1,000) tubers of yam and you make 300 naira each. This means you just made 300,000 naira in just few months. The best way to preserve yam in a short period of time is to burry them under a tree or hang them in a cool and ventilated place. The hanging is not a normal way of hanging things. It means to be tied one by one then suspend them vertically by tying the edge of the string you used in tying them on a wall or any oject. The best place to get yam cheap is Benue, Nasarawa and Niger stste.

3.Groundnut

In Nigeria, the best time to hoard groundnut is from July to October. During this period, the product is rilatively cheap in price but rises from February to June. You are expected to dry before bagging groundnuts. The place of storing groundnut must be free of moisture. moderate room temperature is required to avoid germinating.

4. Beans.

Beans has different species but they are all harvested almost the same time. You can also get beans very cheap When farmers are harvesting. In hoarding beans, you must apply a safe insecticide or mixed with plenty quantity of pepper to prevent infestation of weevils. The safest way to preserve beans is the use of pepper.

5. Palm oil.

Palm oil is another agricultural product that you can make good money from. To every thing on earth, there is a time. This phenomenon does not exempt the harvest of palm fruit. Palm oil is said to be very cheap When palm fruits are riping. During this period, farmers produces the oil from the fruits and sell them cheap. The season of the year when you can get red oil cheap is from November down to April depending on the area. Middle belt, South East, south-south and West have the highest oil production rate in Nigeria. The importance of hoarding red oil is that it can last for three years and still be useful.

Summary: the best time to hoard agricultural product is during harvest. The best place to buy such goods from is the farmer.

Please share your thought with us on the comment section.

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Groundnut Farming And It Economic advantages

Another crop that it Economic uses can not be overemphasized is groundnut. Groundnut has contributed immensely to the Nigerian GDP.

Before the discovery of oil in Nigeria, the only source of Government revenue was agriculture. Agriculture sustained the economy of the country from the precolonial era to some decades ago. More roads, and other social Amenities was produced in the country. All these are products of earnings from agricultural sector.

At that age in the history of Nigeria, groundnut was produced in a very large quantity mostly from the Northern part of the country. The best topography and soil type that favours the production of groundnut is found in the Northan part of the country. The average rain fall in the north is relatively low yet favours the growing of groundnut. Average of four to five months of annual rain fall of a region is enough to naturally grow groundnuts.

Groundnut, a crop that bears it's fruit in the soil, is an economic crop that can be used for different industrial and domestic purposes. This ranges from the oil produced from it down to the dirrect use of the seeds. Groundnut oil is second or first to the most consumed oil in Africa. It can be used to cook all forms of foods as it special taste is always special.

The crop is very adaptive to different climatic conditions. It can be grown in most forms of soil that has some little particles of loamy. It is a special crop that does not need the use of fertilizer to be grown. Fertilizer is said to have bad effect on the crop as it makes it to be fresh on the leaves but produces low or zero seeds in the shell. Fertilizer does not enhance the yielding of groundnut.

How to grow and Maintain groundnut

Growing of groundnut have a correlative steps with tuber crops. The steps are:

1. Clearing of site

The site where the crop will be grown is expected to be cleared few weeks or months to the cultivation. After the clearing, do not take the cleared bushes off the land instantly, allow it to decay or partially decay before using rake to gather it. You can burn or manually pack the cleared bushes out of the site. In some cases, you can leave the cleared grasses and heap your ridges on them.

2. Source for the seeds

Ground nut seed is not hard to get in Africa. You need just small amount to get the quantity that can be ok for a large portion of plots. The seed can be gotten when it has been removed from the shells or with the shells. If the ones gotten is with the shells then there is another fresh work. You will have to break the shells off the seeds. In Nigeria, trusted friends and family labour is usually employed in doing this. Some times you have to watch the people breaking the shells as they may end up eating much parts of the groundnut while breaking it.

3. Make ridges

The most advisable ridges for groundnut is the long row ridges. The long row ridges enables the farmer to maximise the use of the land. Groundnut ridges can be small or moderate. As adaptive as groundnut, it also grows without ridges. The reason why ridges should be made is to ensure easy planting.

4.plant the seeds

Planting groundnut seeds is technical. The amount of seeds placed per a shallow hole you made with your foot should not be more than two. For the spacing, it is impossible to obtain equal spacing garp. The best spacing of groundnut while planting in Africa is a foot length. The foot length can be gauged.

5. Remove weeds regularly

Another crucial way of caring for your growing groundnut is to remove weeds from the plant regularly. The best instrument used in removing weeds from groundnut farm is the weeding knife. While weeding, you must be careful not to injure the roots of the plant.

6. Do not apply fertilizer

Fertilizer is not good for groundnut. It makes the plant to over grow physically but leads to low or non production of the real seeds.

7.Watch when yellow flowers is produced from the stem

The yellow flower signifies it has started producing. This does not mean it's time for harvest.

8. When to harvest

The best time to start harvesting groundnut is when the flower dies off and the leaves it self is turning yellow. At this time, you can uproot your groundnut and check. Does it look like a new groundnut ? Good!

Please share your thoughts with us.

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Cassava Farming And It Economic Importance.

Cassava Farming is another agricultural activities that have immensly conttributed to different economic status of the world.



Cassava, a tuber crop that can be used in different ways for human and animal consumption is a crop that is highly reach in carbohydrate. At least, over 10 varieties of foods can be produced from cassava. Example, Akpu (made from cassava paste after fermenting), ikwurikwu (made from both cassava paste and flour), Abacha (African salad), etc. Flour made from cassava can be used for making breads and snacks. Another major food produce from cassava is 'gari'. Gari has different ways of eating it. It could be cooked or soaked for eating. Soaked Gari is taken with allot of items. Example is gari with groundnut and sugger.



How To Cultivate And Maintain Cassava Crop



Like the cultivation of other crops in Nigeria that dirrectly depends on the climate and nature of soil, so is the the cultivation of cassava. To grow cassava naturally, the annual rain fall of such area must not be less than five to 8 months per annum. Though it can be grown artificially through irrigation but our context in this is the natural aspect.



The method of seedling of cassava is by stem. The stem are in segments. Each of the segments has the potential of being propagated into cassava seedling.



The steps for growing cassava crops are as follows:



1. Clearing of the site



Clearing of the site for cultivation of cassava is done few weeks before the beginning of raining season. The beginning of raining season is the best period to cultivate cassava in Nigeria as it takes a full year for the crop to mature. Peasant farmers primarily uses cutlass, rake, axe etc  for clearing of farm lands. Axe is used only when there is need to cut trees that might cast shadow on the site.The

2. Making of ridges

After clearing of the site, the next step is to make ridges. The ridges can be made in circle form or in a row form. Cassava ridges can also be small or big. For some species of cassava, big ridges is the best. The best ridges that is advisable for all species of cassava is the moderate size. The moderate size of ridges is of more advantage as it is permissive to absorbing and lodging of water for the uses of the crop. The instrument for making ridges by peasant farmers is the hoe.

3.Getting the stems for seedling

The mode of propagation of cassava is through the stem. After clearing the site and making of ridges, the next step is to get the seedling which is the stem and cut it into some inches. The best way of cutting cassava stem for plant is to cut the stem after four segments of the stem each. Cassava stem can be bought from other farmers. In Benue, some farmers gives other intending farmers for free.



4. Planting of the stems



Planting of cassava stem is very technical. The right direction must be fixed on the ground and should be slant. The best way to identify the direction of cassava stem that will face the ground is to look the stem carefully at the segment to see where looks like it's going to sprout. After getting the face, the sprouting direction must face up while the back is slanted to the ridges.



5. Weed the farm regularly



To ensure optimum yield of cassava plant, the farm must be free of weeds always. Several instruments can be used for weeding cassava farm. Weeding knife, hoes and cutlass are the best instrument for peasant farmers in clearing cassava farm .



6. Application of manure



In some parts of Nigeria, applications of manure to cassava may not be necessary as cassava can be grown naturally. The best manure for cassava is the animal dung.



Please share your opinion with us on the comment box.



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Simple Farming Implements And Their Uses.

There are different simple farm instruments used by peasant farmers in the modern days. Farm instruments had been developed from time to time. This ranges from the ancient technologies to the modern ones. While Ancient technology produced instruments used manually, the modern day technology produces instruments that mechanize farm productions.

The acquisition of modern farming instruments had being a major impedance inhibiting aspiring farmers. The major difference between the modern and the old farm instruments is the degree of performance.

There are several ancient farm instruments that peasant farmers are still using today. These includes:

1. Cutlass



Cutlass is one of the primary farming implements for peasant farmers. It can be used for clearing of site, cutting of small trees, etc. it can also be used to eliminate crop pests.

2. Weeding knife

Weeding knife is a farm instrument that is usually shorter than cutlass. Flat and sharp surface with a wooden or plastic handle. It is used to weed grasses from farm. Weeding knife is mostly applicable in removing weeds from crops that are planted closely.

3. Hoe

Hoe is an ancient instrument used for making ridges. Hoes May hardly go into extinction as long as peasant farming is concern. It is used for tilling soft soils, making ridges, etc

4. Digger

Digger is another farming implement that had being in use by man for as old as agriculture. From ancient agricultural invention to the modern day, digger had been transformed and re-shaped from ages to ages as technology tend to improve. Digger is used for tilling the soil. It is usually employed when the soil is said to be hard or dried. When other local farming instruments can not till a soil, digger is used.

5. Rake

Rake is used by farmers to gather a cleared bush before farming. It is a farming implement that is made up of a curved metal surface with separated parts. The handle is made of either wood or iron.

6. Shovel

Agriculturally, Shovel is used for several purposes. It can be used for packing/loading sand and other things. It can also be used in transplanting.

7. Sickle

Sicle is primarily used for harvesting crops. Such crops includes rice, guinea corns, millet, etc.

8. Watering Can

The major uses of watering can is for watering of plants during dry season. It is used purposely to ensure a more even sprinkling of water on crops .

9. Wheelbarrow

Wheelbarrow is relatively a modern farming implement. It is used for carrying farm products from one part of a farm to another. It can also be used to convey crops from the farm to a near by market where such crops can be sold.

10. Axe

The major uses of axe is for falling of trees, spliting of fire woods and breaking of words for other agricultural uses.

12. Shears

This is basically used for pruning of flowers. It can also be used for harvesting grains.

13. trowel

Trowel is used for mixing and application of agricultural manures to crops.

14. Saw Blade.

Saw blade is used for cutting woods. It can be used to divide woods into a meaningful shapes for agricutial constructions. There are clear difference between Saw blade and cutlass. While saw can be used for dividing woods into more meaningful parts, cutlass can not be used for the same task. Also, Hand Saw can not be used for clearing grasses. Each farming instruments has their own specialised functions.

We would like to hear your opinion through the comment section.

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Yam Farming And Its Economic Importance.

Yam famers have over the years contributed to the economic growth of many African countries. In Nigeria, the numbers of metric tonnes of the tuber crop produced in different states of Nigeria runs in millions.

The multi purpose uses of yam can not be quantified. It can be used for making flours. Yam  flour is used for baking and also for making breads and buiscuits. raw yams can be grinded into paste for making cakes. it can be pounded after cooking and be taken with soups, etc. Yam can be consumed by different varieties of animals and it's uses to human can not be over emphasized.



There are different varieties of yams. They includes:



1.White yam



2. Yeellow yam



3. Tree leave yam



4.Water yam



5.Chinese yam



6.cocoa yam

Etc.

The popular species of yam in West Africa are the white yam, yellow yam, and the water yam.



Each specie of yam have their peculiar taste and ways of preparing them. What about farming? Farming of yams can be done according to their varieties. The period of yam farming depends on the climate condition of a given area. In northern Nigeria , the climate condition of the region does not favour the farming of yam. Yams are mostly produced in Benue, Nasarawa , Niger, plateau, Kogi and many more states. It is mostly produced in Benue, Nasarawa and Niger.



1. How to farm white yam



White yams are commercialy produced in large quantities. The beginning of cultivating yams depends on the area. In Benue and Nasaraw, the planting of yam could start from December to begining of March while in other parts of Nigeria, the planting depends on the beginning of the raining season.



Loamy soil is the best form of soil for planting yams. To plant white yam, you must start from clearing of the land, tilling of the soil and heaping of the ridges. The seedling depends on the farmer. To farmers in Benue, they get yam seedling from harvesting time. Harvesting of yam in Benue starts from July.



How to plant and maitain yams



1. Clear the site of the farm



2.till the soil if possible



3. Make your ridges



4. Plant your seedling



5. Clear every shades (shadows of tree branches on your yam ridges) to enable the plant access photosynthesis .



6. After germination of the yam, create a tree branches without shadow for the sprouting yam and rope it to the branches. The germinating yam will climb through the rope to the tree.



7. Weed grasses from the farm regularly.



8. Apply NPK fertilizer if your soil is not loamy.



9.wait for harvest time.



-How To Prepare yam Seedling During Harvest.



1. Dig the yam with weeding knife



2. Do not cut any of the roots



3. Cut the head of the yam and leave small part of the head along with the roots



4. Bring out your main yam from the ground



5. Cover the little head you cut along with the root properly



6. After some weeks, the head will re-generate to fresh yam. This is called the yam seedling.



Yam seedling can also be produced from the main yam by cutting the main part of the yam and preserving it in the soil. In some part of the Nigeria, especially in Benue, the head of yams are not cut during harvest to produce the seedling. They strictly depends on cutting part of the harvested yams to make seedling during dry season. To those parts, they destroy the roots while harvesting.



Note: the procedure above is for white yams.



For yellow yam, the procedure for planting and maintaing it is almost the same with white yam but the difference is that yellow yam is adaptive to shadows or tree shades.



For tree leave yam, water yam and the rest, you may not need to rope them to a sub tree. Other than this, the other procedure remain the same.



The bestt region to practice yarn farming is a region that experience at least six to 8 months of raining season. Yam takes about five months to naturally reproduce. Apart from farming with fertilizer, yams can only be planted once a year.



Any question or addition? Please feel free to contact us through your comments.



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Millionaire Business You Can Start With Just #7,000 ($20)

Africa is a continent where the rich is getting richer daily while the poor gets poorer. Economically, the relationship between the rich and the poor in Nigeria and Africa in general is quiet parasitical and never been symbiotical. It has been observed that the extreme rich people in Nigeria made their money unlawfully. Most of them strictly depend on the detriment of the poor to enrich themselves due to loopholes in governmental policies. One of this loopholes is the inability of the government to deregulate some sectors in order to provide genuine opportunities for the growing poor masses.



One of the highest paying sectors in Nigeria is the oil sector. The few opportuned persons who works in oil sector earns heavy amount but some of them who are extremely rich from that sector engage in one illicit business or the other. Some of the illicit business they engage includes creation of artificial scarcity of fuel products after hoarding so as to re-sell hoarded products in real millions, and some times in billions.



In every economic situation in the country, there is a voluminous business opportunity. It takes a visionary business minded person to understand and key into it.



In this lesson, we want to show you how you can key into fuel scarcity in any part of Africa and make millions in a short period of time. Sounds sweet? good!



In some places, the business is  nick named as "black market". Sounds bad? May be yes but it is allowed in every streets and corners in Nigeria. The government wave/allow the retailing of fuel products because of insufficient fuel filling stations or lack of the products in a nearby one. This is because, some communities have to travel over 15 miles before accessing one of the non functioning ones.



Many smart Nigerians made millions from this business. They started from scratch then developed to big marketer.



Let me show you briefly how you can start an oil business with less than #7,000 then make millions in no distant time.



1. Get a remote location where there are no functioning filling stations.



This is the first approach to this business. Getting a place close to this kind of location means getting a conduit pipe for your money.



2. Locate the landlord of the place.



I know you might be wondering, 'where will i get money to pay for renting the land'. Don't worry, you don't have to negotiate how much you will pay to the landlord, just plead with him that you want to stay on the road side a little away from his major land and sell your fuel. Many landlords in Nigeria allows people to sell things in front of their house for free except one city in Nigeria which is Lagos. Not all landlords there will agree except you pay.



3.Get empty rubber containers



You can make use of empty rubbers in your house or get one less than #500 from plastic vendors. Go to women saloon and tell them to sell empty shampoo one litre and two litre rubbers for you. This should be less than #200. Also get a funnel or a flexible pipe that you can use for getting fuel from the rubber. Total spent so far should be less than #2000



4. Go to any Distant filling station where there is fuel then buy.



Now you have the product so what next? Launch your market with a very low price. Fuel sells like foods, you won't regrete it. Without fuel, the modern society will be dormant. Small Factories, shops that run generator, house holds will all patronize you. Why? Of course you know the Epileptic power supply in nigeria!



5. Make a large barnner and place it there



Your banner will announce you. People will look at what you are doing to be special. Your price should be stated in that banner. Make sure you don't give a price that is 15 to 20 naira higher than the filling station price.



6. Get a steady supply



People buying bellow 5 litres will rather buy from you than wasting transport fair to filling station. This means you have to be sure you have the product always so you can Matson your customers. The business of fuel grows steadily. Your customers increase dady by day.



Analysis: if you can sell just 100 litres a day for a start and your gain per litre is equal to 20. This means you are making 2000 daily for starting. Think of when your customers increased when your banner has announced you. Do you know why you will start making at least a sale of 1,000 litres a day? Let me tell you.



1. Your banner



You are not the only one selling the products but what will make you unique is your advertisement strategy through the banner. I hardly see fuel retailers doing this.



2.Your price



Your low price will astonish the society if you sell for 160 t0 165. In Nigeria, 98% of fuel retailers sells for 180 to 200 after buying for 143. Can you see you will soon turn to a big filling station for not being greedy? If you start making sales of 1,000 litres a day then it means your gain will be 20,000 a day. Now, ask your self, which job in Nigeria can give you such amount per day?



Note: make sure you increase the quantity supply daily as your income is increasing. don't forget to employ a worker as you should be thinking of opening another branch soon.



We would like to hear from you, please share your thought with us. Also be free to ask more questions on this topic, our business experts will put you thriugh.



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How To Escape From Dog Attack Without Harm.

Dogs are one of the animals that are friendly to human but could be an epic enemy in some conditions. when dogs happen not to be use to you, they reacts like real enemy and advances to attack you. Dogs are human friends but can be used as security against fellow human, depending on the specie of the dog and the training.

There are different aims why men keep dogs at home. Some are used as pets, companion while others are for security. Dogs trained for security purposes are most aggressive and can be deadly if not handled with wisdom.

Over the years, dogs have killed many people as a result of inability to manage the attacks wisely. Reasons Why dogs attacks human includes:

Non familiarity

Dogs usually bark and attacks strange people around the house. Security dogs are known for attacking almost every one that is not a member of the family or strangers who are not regular vistors. Such attacks can be extreeme when no member of the family is around to call the dog to order.

If you eat dog meats

Research conducted over the years shows that people who eats dog meats are more susceptible to attacks from dogs. Reasons behind this is yet to be scientifically proved but many have attested to the findings to be true.

Evil thoughts

In parts of Africa, it is believed that some dogs have the ability to detect who does have an evil thoughts against family members. When your dog keep barking at your visitor in an unsual way and refused to stop even while calling her to order, it means the person might be having an evil thought.

Possession of drugs

Dogs have high olfactory lobes, an organ responsible for perceiving scent, aroma, or odour. This is why dogs that are trained to detect drugs can be very efficient. Usually, if a person is in possession of harmful drugs, such dogs barks excessively when it is detected. What about attacking people with drugs? Dogs does that too.

Bearing of arms

Many species of dogs knows and can detect who is carrying arms. When detected, such dog reacts and advances to attack the bearer of the arm.

How to escape dogs attack unharm

The following points are ways you can escape dogs attack without being harmed:

1. Stand still.

When a dog is barking and advancing to attack you, do not run, stand still no matter how your heart is sinking. I know it sounds crazy but believe me, you will go from there unharmed if you can apply the other points bellow.

2. Pretend you are a family member

Dogs have memories but human senses can always outsmart every other animals. As you keep standing, make whistle sounds with your mouth and pretend to be calling the dog. If you have ever called a dog with sound of your fingers and palm before, then you can add the two sounds together.

3.walk towards the dog

No matter how aggressive the dog is sounding, don't panic, take a step at this point and walk toward the dog while making the two sounds with your mouth and that of your fingers and palm.

4. Grab between the neck and head segment of the dog and give her a friendly robs with your 4 fingers.

The best way to finally calm a dog down after you didn't run is to advance towards the dog, make those sounds and try to romance the neck of the dog. At this point the dog will calm and then start waving her tail for you. Wow, finally you are a friend!

Note: you are at advantage when you know the name of the dog. If you do know the name, you can call the dog by her name while you are still standing. Keep calling the name with those signs while trying to advance towards her also. The best time to take a walk towards the dog is When you notice a calm and a wave of her tail. Do not make a move while the tail is still standing.


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BRIEF HISTORY AND CULTURE OF EDUMOGA PEOPLE.

The history of the origin of the edumoga race in Benue was said to have dated back to the 16th century. The edumogas like every other Idomas originated from the Kwararafa Kingdom same as the Jukuns in the old Lower Gongola state in Nigeria.

Edumoga is a district in Idoma and were part of the migration towards the southern part of Benue as the result of the Fulani Jihad War locally referred to as “Ewu Onya” Meaning battle of Horse. This was because the Jihadists (The fulanis ) were riding on horses during the war.

Ede(the father of all Edumoga) was parts of the migrants alongside Ugboju and Adoka. They first settled in Abinchi area of Makurdi and later to Otukpo. While the people of Ugboju and Adoka settled around Otukpo axis, Ede went further to settle in the present location. (Edumoga District). The name “EDUMOGA” Was derived from the phrase “ Ede ma Oga” meaning EDE gave birth to OGA. This was largely so because after the settlement, Ede gave birth to Oga and just like we presently call people popularly by their children e.g Papa John etc.

EDUMOGA ANCESTRAL LINEAGE

This is the ancestral lineage of the Edumoga People:

EDE the father of Edumoga was an illustrious son of Idu the father of Idoma. Ede however gave birth to OGA. OGA gave birth to ADAM. ADAM gave birth to AYA. AYA gave birth to EDUM. EDUM gave birth to OCHAI. OCHAI gave birth to OHEMU and OHEMU gave birth to AGBO and ABAH.

AGBO gave birth to EDE, ODE and ABBA who are the present Ekeh. Edeh is the eldest son Agbo and his children are Omlokpo and Obotu who was begotten through the daughter of Omlokpo. Odeh settled in Ogblega and gave birth to Ogbodo, Ejeh and Ajama.

ABBA on the other hand gave birth to ONAH (ONAKPATA) and ADAH (ADATANWATA)

Onakpata comprised of the people of Edumoga Ehaje while Adatanwata comprised of the people from Edumoga Icho i.e AMEJO and Okonobo respectfully.

THE CLANS IN EDUMOGA.

Edumoga initially had four clans namely: Ekeh, Onakpata, Adatanwata and Ugbokolo but recently, agitations gave birth to Ingle, Ai-Atta and Okpale respectfully. Ai-Atta were said to have direct lineage from Ohemu who came also settle with the people of edumoga.

Oladegbo from Onakpata is the Eldest of Edumoga. Also note that the title of the chief of Edumog is “EDE” of Edumoga land who is also the custodian of the culture and tradition of Edumoga land. The Headquarter of Edumoga disctrict is located at Olanyega in Ai-Abba, Adatanwata which is also regarded as the SEAT of the EDE of Edumoga Land even though the current Ede of Edumoga Kingdom is operating from his local palace in Omulokpo, Ekeh owing to the challenge of lack of a befitting Palace in place at Olanyega. This situation is largely attributable to the lack of unity amongst the community for years now as a result of chieftaincy struggle and different ethnic sentiments within the Kingdom, a challenge which St. Matthew Edumoga Catholic Community begs our elites for solution.

CULUTRE AND TRADITION.

The Economy:

The Idoma land is endowed with human and natural resources. Idoma people formed significant size in the workforce of Nigerian government offices, university don, police, army and para-military. They are good hunters, farmers and miners. They make irons and do blacksmith; they do pottery and brass; they do wood craft and sculpture etc

OUR CULTURE AND TRADITION

The edumoga people believe in God the creator as they always addressed him as Owoicho-manchala (Almighty God), but different cults are entrusted to the various societies and individuals. The Alekwu believe, for example, is responsible for the cult of the periodic resurrection of the ancestor who plays a vital social function. In most part of edumoga a certain time of the year is fixed for the celebration of Alekwu popularly known as Eje-Alekwu festival.

Eje-Alekwu festival is mostly done before the start of the raining season i.e. between February and April. This ceremony was to mark the end of a year and to ask the spirit of the ancestors to grant them another fruitful year. In some parts, the belief is that when Eje-Alekwu festival is met with rain fall that the ancestors have accepted the sacrifice.

Spirit Deities: There are various kinds of village gods which the villagers venerate and worship as protector from hazards like drought, war invasion, pre-mature death, bareness, etc. Many villages referred to these gods as Aje (Land ‘god’). If the village is to go on war, the elders must assemble and appease the god. Some of these gods are: Egli, Enyanwu, Anjenu, Echi ochefu, Omanchalla, owo amongst others.

Edumoga holds a very well recognized cultural troupes in Idoma. The most popular traditional and cultural troupe of the Idoma people is OGLINYA from Edumoga. Other traditional and cultural dances include: Ibo and Okpojo, Olugwu (for women), Ilanga, Akatakpa, Inyalo for the young boys, Aja and Iyogwu (a borrowed cultural dance from Igala in Kogi).

The other spiritual beliefs are that when an edumoga indigenes dies, there are different designated ancestral spirit gods that takes their spirit to the Almighty. These spirit gods varies according to the beliefs of the various clans in Edumoga District for example:- Ekwu nokwu in Adatanwata, Alekwu-afia in ogodumu, Echi in Ejema, Ajigwo in Ingle, amongst others. It is a belief that unless one is an indigene of any of these clans by birth the spirit of the various gods as mentioned above cannot be invoked.

EDUMOGA TRADITIONAL COUNCIL WARDS AND THEIR CHIEFS.

Presently, Edumoga District has seven (7) wards and a total of 49 chiefs as listed below:

EKEH WARD:

Chief Alexander Ogbeyi - Ward Head
Chief Gabriel Adah - Ai-okete (Beaded)
Chief Mike Abah Okwoli - Ogodumu(Beaded)
Chief Benjamin Okaja - Ai-Ekwo (Beaded)
Chief George Odeh - Obotu
Chief Emmanuel Ekwote - Ajide Ai-Aba
Chief Augustine Ejembi - A-Odeh
Chief Daniel Okwa - Ipoya (Beaded)

OKONOBO WARD:

Chief Godfrey Adah - Ward Head
Chief Emmanuel Ochogwu - Ai-Abba (Beaded) Ollo
Chief Ojo Ochechema - Effoyo
Chief Idoko Ochigbo - Olago (Beaded) –Gone hunting
Chief Pius Ochede - Okpafie
Chief Abakpa Ochigbo - Anyiligwo
Chief Benedict Idoko - Ai-akor (Gone hunting)

AMEJO WARD:

Chief Alfred Ogbaa - Ward Head
Chief Vincent Ugbe - Ai-Akpuka
Chief Sunday Ewache - Anyiligwo
Chief Abah Ellah - Umabe
Chief Sunday Onah - Ogbodo (Gone hunting)
Chief Godwin Ekoja - Otobi

OKPALE WARD:

Chief Peter Idoko - Ward Head
Chief Peter Ameh
Chief Okpotu Obala - Gone hunting
Chief Boniface Attah Odo - Ai-Akpitodo
Chief Emmanuel Audu

OJIGO WARD:

Chief Anthony Amali - Ward Head
Chief Gabriel Idibia - Oladegbo
Chief Ogaje Ejembi - Ojigo
Chief Matthias Adah - Efeche
Chief Patrick Adi - Ai-Onakpata (Beaded)
Chief Uloko Okoko - Ai-Idoko Uloko (Beaded)
Chief Johnson Iduh - Akpodo (Gone hunting)
Chief Anthony Adah - Olaidu
Chief Jerome Agwo - Anmoda (Clan Head, Ai-Atta)

INGLE WARD:

Chief Raphael Adehi - Ward Head (Beaded)
Chief Godwin Idda - Ai-Ogaje
Chief Oko Ejembi -
Chief Alexander Ogbeyi - Ai_Ede
Chief Michael Adah - Ai-Adekpe
Chief Sunday Odisi - Ai-Adungu
Chief Vincent Idda - Otanufie

UGBOKOLO WARD:

Chief Michael Ogboji - Ward Head (Beaded)
Chief David Oloja - Odumu Ehaje
Chief Emmanuel Ikom - Anyilikwo
Chief Alexander Agbo - Effa
Chief Pius Ocheuje - Odessassa
Chief Joseph Moro - Ojenyo

(Image source: google)

Looking For Business To Invest in? Check Out How much Taxi DriversMakes Per Day In Some Cities.

Many thought that the best job is to sit in a well funished office with coat and tie. This is not true in all cases. What makes a job good is the freedom and the earnings. Over the years, many have seen taxi drivers in Nigeria as people who are doing small jobs but how true is this? taxi drivers has built houses out of the same job. I have seen many people working in offices that have worked for years in Nigeria without accounting for any thing.



Lately, I found out that taxi (uber) drivers are doing a real prestigious work do to their earnings. We have gathered some datas of how much some taxi drivers in some cities earns a day. Check them out and see if you would like going into the business.



1. Lagos Nigeria:



Lagos, the Most busy city in Nigeria is one of the top cities in West Africa.



Some times in  2016, Lagos State Government had  estimated the population of Lagos to be  17.5 million, although this number has been disputed by the Nigerian Government and found to be unreliable by the National Population Commission of Nigeria (NPC), which put the population at over 21 million in 2016.



UBER (taxi) drivers in this city make about N 8,000 which is equivalent to about 22$ or more on daily basis. The good thing about this business in this City is that you can start with just a car and gradually grow into having fleet of cars for your business or even starting a taxi company. Though it's not  necessary you drive it yourself, you can hire a qualified  driver who would just give you returns on daily basis.



2. Accra Ghana:



According to our estimation, the average trip for an Uber driver in Accra yields 16.09 GHS. Since most drivers usually accomplish one or  two trips per hour, this adds up to an hourly earning total of 32.18 GHS. If this is added for 9 workibg hours, it means Uber drivers makes about 289.16 GHS per day in accra.


3.Cape Town, South Africa:



Many  Uber drivers in Cape town works almost  30 hours or more per week, the total per-week earnings are 965.40 GHS — making a year’s salary for a driver 50,200 GHS.



4. Kaduna



Private Taxi work in Kaduna is unlike the lagos system. The reason lies on the economic status of the state. Taxi drivers in kaduna makes 4,000 to 6,000 naira daily depending on the season.



5. Portharcourt





The daily earning of Taxi Drivers in Portharcourt ranges from #5,000 to #10,000 depending on the day of the week. Some drivers in Portharcourt said they make the best cash on Monday, and Wednesday while some said they makes the best amount during weekends.



5. Abuja



In Abuja and other states in Nigeria, the amount that drivers make a day is not specific. A driver in Abuja said he makes about #7000 daily while another driver said he makes 5000 and above a day.



6. Kano.



Kano is a high populated city like Lagos. taxi drivers in Kano are said to be making good money because of the economic vibrancy of the state. They are said to be making about 8,000 naira a day depending on the root. Drivers working on airport root makes about ten thousand (10,000) naira a day in this state.



8.Katsina



Taxi drivers in Katsina makes good money but the presence of keke plying most of the roads has affected the rate of their earnings. They are said to be earning at least 4,500 naira to 7,000 per day.



9. Benue



Taxi drivers in this state are known for taking advantage of the environment. They usually charge per person in a given distance. Drivers in this state makes about 6,000 to 10,000 naira daily depending on the season.



10.Enugu



Enugu, the coal city is another city that drivers makes good money per day. Though it depends on the season. Drivers in Enugu who works hard per day makes about 7,000 naira. It depends on the route. The state is said to have bad roads till resent time.



11. Anambara



The amount made by taxi drivers in Anambara per day is not certain. The state is known for bad roads for some years. Drivers makes good amount here but the challenges of crime rate in the state makes taxi drivers more careful on route to go. Some are said to be making at least 6,000 naira and above per day depending on the season.



(Image source: google)

Lucrative Small Scale Business You Can Start With Little Amount of money.

Unemployment and lack of much capital to start up a business in Nigeria is one of the biggest fear that usually engolfs the minds of fresh graduates of high schools in Africa.



Should you always be waiting for government? don't worry, ochesy.com have a good news of simple ways you can be employed and make good money in Africa.



The problems of Unemployment increases every day, while our population is growing , our job generating industrial sectors are shrinking in Africa.



Have you ever thought of where our growing population will be working while our factories are closing down ?



The truth is that the more these factories collapses the more unemployment increases. Sadly, there are no obvious measures on ground that will serve as a panacea to this 'scourge' in africa.



As unemployment increases , the rate of crime escalates and the negative circle continues .



Another danger is that most of our surviving manufacturing firms are working below its capacities. This means more workers are susceptible to an imminent unployment problems in Africa.



To cushion the effect and be proactive, kindly check the list bellow to know the possible business you could start with little amount.



1. Farming







Farming is one of the best lucrative businesses and jobs known to man kind over centuries ago. It is the most natural job in africa. Farming is a free gift to Africans because of her climate conditions that supports natural farming. In some parts of Africa, little are required to start up a farm. Where land is available, only thing needed to start up a farm is seedling and labour.



It is known that most edible cultivated crops matures less than a year. Example of such crops includes yam, rice tomatoes, water mellon, ginger, cassava etc. These are numbers of crops that you can easily source for the seedlings and start up today.



2. Phone charging







In Africa, supply of electricity is minimal. Parts of the continent where the materials for supply of electricity are available is far lesser than the places where there are no such facilities. In Nigeria, the supply of electricity dwinds yearly due to mismanagement. To key into this lapses, some smart ones resorts to migrating to remote areas where there is limited or no supply of electricity. The inhabitants of such areas seeks where to charge their cell phones daily. It is estimated in Nigeria that charging of a seven cell phones for customers generates about #360 which is about 1$. A young man who is into the business said he started the business with less than 60,000 naira and today he makes at least 80,000 naira monthly from the business.



3. Sale of Drinks and Water



Water is essential, Everybody drink it and almost everybody takes non-alcoholic drinks. The place you will make your market in this business is the many retail shops in your locality, restaurants, bars, mini fast foods spots and individuals who buy in crates and packs for household uses.



To be outstanding in this business,  regular source of supply is very crucial. In this case, relationship with major distributors and wholesalers who will give you the drinks and packaged water with discounts should be created through mutual understanding; you deliver directly to these retailers identified above with some margin in regular and steady basis.



The more quantity you are able to supply, the more profit you will stand to make from this business .



4. Bread Supply and Distribution



People eat bread on a daily basis all year round without restricrion in Nigeria and almost all other countries. The demand for bread is so high that a variety of them has come to the market that some times buyers might be confused in trying to make choice. You can do this business by identifying good bakery to buy from and sell to retailers when ever they demand. A sound vehicle is needed with which to distribute your bread. Also  create a market with owners of shops and supermarkets  scattered all around you. You can start the bread supply  business with less than N100,000, if you already have a personal car. This is when you have been able to develop a large number of retailers to whom you supply. If presently do not have a car, not to worry. You can probably start  by hiring a vehicle to deliver your breads and get a delivery van when you have built up the financial capacity to get one.



4. Eggs Distribution



Eggs are packed with protein and it is consumed all over the world. Apart from its nutrient needs, eggs are used to make alot of products such as confectionaries, cosmetics, soaps, hair conditioners, shampoo, glue and face masks amongst many other benefits of eggs. The uses of egg are so numerous that supply is hardly enough to meet demand in many markets within Nigeria.



Egg supply  is a great  business that can be started in small scale and grow to become a big venture if properly managed. If you must go  into this supply business (egg), the first thing you must do is to identify poultry farms that produce quality eggs and/or large egg distributors who already got a large farm. You buy from these farms or distributors and supply to retail shops, supermarkets, fast food joints, bakers and even households. Then develop a network of buyers who are many and varied around your neighboyrhood. What you might  need to be successful while in this business are empty egg crates and a delivery van or any other vehicle. Excluding  the price for purchasing a  delivery van, you can start this business with less than N100,000 in already a relatively large scale. If there is a vehicle, one  can go into egg supply with just little sum as estimated. Where there is no vehicle, one  can still start by using a cart to deliver your goods and later acquire a used vehicle after profits.